In collaboration with Bo Dalgaard from the University of Copenhagen, we are mapping and measuring the loss interaction of fruiting plants and frugivores. The Caribbean Islands is one of the most defaunated archipelagos in the world and we are interested in elucidating the effects of animal loss on plant persistence. In addition, we are measuring how island attributes and human impact affect seed dispersal. This project partners with a large series of collaborators interested in examining these differences in natural and human-modified systems along different environmental gradients.